A Pap test is one of the most important parts of a gynecological exam. It's used to examine the cells of the cervix in order to detect cancerous or precancerous cells. It is the best way to prevent cervical cancer.
Most often, precancerous or cancerous cervical cell grown is caused by certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV).
Most types of genital HPV cause no symptoms. A few types cause genital warts, which may be uncomfortable and unattractive, but are not dangerous. A few other types of genital HPV, however, can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, penis, vagina, and vulva.
In a major sexual health breakthrough, the drug company Merck has developed a vaccine - Gardisil - that is nearly 100 percent effective against HPV 16 and 18, the two types of HPV that account for 70 percent of cervical cancers. It is also effective against two types of HPV that cause genital warts.
Vaccination is now recommended for women between the ages of nine and 26. It is the surest way to protect against HPV and prevent cervical and genital cancers. Recent studies suggest that the vaccine will be beneficial to young men as well.
People who are sexually active should still reduce their risk of getting HPV by using condoms every time they have sex. In addition, women who are sexually active, whether vaccinated or not, can protect themselves against cervical cancer by getting regular Pap tests.
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